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Also much of the energy used rein plastic production is not sustainable energy, for example high temperature from burning fossil gas. However plastics can limit some methane emissions, for example packaging to reduce food waste.[127]

The plastic industry includes the global production, compounding, conversion and sale of plastic products. Although the Middle East and Russia produce most of the required petrochemical raw materials, the production of plastic is concentrated hinein the global East and West. The plastic industry comprises a huge number of companies and can be divided into several sectors:

Organic light emitting diode – Diode that emits light from an organic compoundPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets

Roll-to-roll processing – countinous printing method that prints directly onto a roll of fabric or other materialsPages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback

Prior to the Montreal Protocol, CFCs had been commonly used hinein the manufacture of the plastic polystyrene, the production of which had contributed to depletion of the ozone layer.

Plastics are produced in chemical plants by the polymerization of their starting materials (monomers); which are almost always petrochemical rein nature. Such facilities are normally large and are visually similar to oil refineries, with sprawling pipework running throughout. The large size of these plants allows them to exploit economies of scale.

Some companies produce biodegradable additives to enhance biodegradation. Although starch powder can Beryllium added as a filler to allow some plastics to degrade more easily, such treatment does not lead to complete breakdown. Some researchers have genetically engineered bacteria to synthesize completely biodegradable plastics, such as polyhydroxy butyrate (PHB); however, these were tonlos relatively costly as of 2021.[23]

Plasticity also has a technical definition hinein materials science outside the scope of this article referring sacramento plastic surgery to the non-reversible change rein form of solid substances.

Plastics typically are made through human industrial systems. Most modern plastics are derived from fossil fuel-based chemicals like natural gas or petroleum; however, recent industrial methods use variants made from renewable materials, such as corn or cotton derivatives.[1]

Engineering plastics are more robust and are used to make products such as vehicle parts, building and construction materials, and some machine parts. Hinein some cases they are polymer blends formed by mixing different plastics together (ABS, HIPS etc.

Additives may be weakly bound to the polymers or react hinein the polymer matrix. Although additives are blended into plastic they remain chemically distinct from it, and can gradually leach back out during gewöhnlich use, when in landfills, or following improper disposal in the environment.[36] Additives may also degrade to form other toxic molecules. Plastic fragmentation into microplastics and nanoplastics can allow chemical additives to move hinein the environment far from the point of use.

There are differing estimates of how much plastic waste has been produced in the last century. By one estimate, one billion tons of plastic waste have been discarded since the 1950s.

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A plastic handle from a kitchen utensil, deformed by heat and partially melted One important classification of plastics is the degree to which the chemical processes used to make them are reversible or not.

Because the chemical structure of most plastics renders them durable, they are resistant to many natural degradation processes. Much of this material may persist for centuries or longer, given the demonstrated persistence of structurally similar natural materials such as Bernsteinfarben.